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Which of the following statements is false?


A) Firms that are too cautious are unlikely to be forced out of an industry.
B) Trying to maximise any objective is a risky strategy.
C) In order to survive, firms should balance caution against keeping up with competitors.
D) Firms may become cautious if they are too concerned with survival.

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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What are transaction costs?

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These are costs incurred when ...

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A company where ownership is distributed between a large number of shareholders is called a joint- stock company.

A) True
B) False

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Transaction costs are the main reason for organising production within firms rather than using the market.

A) True
B) False

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What is the difference between M- form and U- form organisations?

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M- form is where separate divisions are ...

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A divorce of ownership from control creates problems such as


A) there are no problems as this gives the owner time to do other things.
B) conflicts between the objectives of managers and owners.
C) tax revenues may be lower.
D) managers may be better at running the business than the owner, thus removing the owner from the decision- making process.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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If we employ someone to carry out our wishes, the resulting conflict of interest is known by economists as the


A) separation of ownership and control.
B) conflict of interest.
C) fallacy of composition.
D) principal- agent problem.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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If a business is owned by_________it is called a _________


A) customers; sole proprietor
B) the state; public corporation
C) shareholders; co- operative
D) one person; partnership

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Transaction costs are caused by


A) the need to monitor contracts.
B) the complexity of contracts.
C) imperfect knowledge.
D) all of the above

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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If a business is owned by _________it is called a _________.


A) two or more people; public corporation
B) customers; partnership
C) one person; co- operative
D) shareholders; public limited company

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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